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Knowledge about these formats and their attributes, such as image resolution, image compression, and image metadata, helps the radiologist in optimizing the archival, organization, and display of images. Each format has its own unique advantages and disadvantages, which must be taken into consideration when images are archived, used in teaching files, or submitted for publication. In addition to the DICOM format, the radiologist routinely encounters images of several file formats such as JPEG, TIFF, GIF, and PNG. In the interest of patient confidentiality, all information that can be used to identify the patient should be removed before DICOM images are transmitted over a network for educational or other purposes. By extracting data from these tags one can access important information regarding the patient demographics, study parameters, etc.
Background database against which users can compare and interpret their data PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE We will develop software for automated analysis of brain MR images This software provides quantitative assessment of. Agency: Department of Health and. It also suggests several tips and tricks that can be used by the radiologist so that the digital potential of these images can be fully utilized for maximization of workflow in the radiology practice.Development of Software for Automated Quantification of Brain MR Images.
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As a result, one is not able to view the contents of the image by simply double clicking on them.To view these images on computers when a proprietary viewer is not supplied with the system, an additional software package called “DICOM browser” is needed, which will interpret the file information and display it as an image. Restart the.Inconveniently, in contrast to other image file formats such as JPEG or TIFF files, the individual DICOM files are not recognized by Windows ® as image files. Disable your anti-virus and its firewall completely. If you got the software by downloading it from the internet, download it again. The DICOMDIR is essentially an index and summary of information regarding all DICOM files included in that CD1. Folder “A” contains DICOM image files from the MRI study folder “DCMVWR” contains the Dicomviewer that displays the contents of the CD the folder “MISC” contains miscellaneous files required during display “AUTORUN” files direct the actions that are automatically performed when the CD is introduced into a computer.
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As described earlier, such demographic information of the patient and a host of other information about the imaging study is encoded within an image header. If the header is separated from the image data, the computer will not know which imaging study has been done or to whom it belongs and it will not be able to display the image correctly, leading to a potential medicolegal situation.How do I Remove Patient Information from DICOM Images?The common tags that indicate the patient identity include the patient's name, age, sex, birth date, hospital identity number, ethnic group, occupation, referring physician, institution name, study date, and DICOM Unique Identifiers (UIDs). This attribute may contain information regarding a single image, multiple frames of a study, or a cine loop, depending on the modality that has generated the image.The header data information is encoded within the DICOM file so that it cannot be accidentally separated from the image data. These data are stored as a long series of 0s and 1s, which can be reconstructed as the image by using the information from the header. The header is followed by a single attribute (7FE0) that contains all the pixel intensity data for the image.
Another method is “anonymization,” whereby all patient information is removed from the DICOM header. The header information is lost and patient identity cannot be obtained from the resultant image. A simple and easy method of ensuring this is by converting and exporting the DICOM file into other image formats such as JPEG or TIFF. In the interest of patient confidentiality, all information identifying the patient should be removed from the DICOM header when a DICOM file is uploaded for such purposes.Respecting the patient's privacy is important when images are used in presentations, teaching files, or publications. Creating and accessing such electronic teaching files often involve transmission of DICOM data over the Internet. Several educational resources using DICOM files are available for radiology students on the World Wide Web.
They can be easily incorporated into presentations and Web pages. In contrast to DICOM images, images saved in these formats can be viewed on any personal computer without the need for dedicated viewers. The more popular formats used in daily practice are the JPEG, JPEG 2000, TIFF, GIF, and PNG formats. Thus, for incorporating images in PowerPoint ® presentations, for creating teaching files, or for publishing in Web pages, DICOM images need to be converted into image formats that can be recognized by Windows ®.There are over a hundred formats described to store images, most of them being proprietary. Outside the radiology department, most personal computers run on the Windows ® operating system, which does not recognize the DICOM file structure. Specifically, all tags contained in groups “0008” (study information) and “0010” (patient information) of the DICOM header should be removed and replaced during anonymization.What are the Other Commonly Used File Formats and when do I need them?Although DICOM images have found wide acceptance in medical practice, they have two disadvantages: file sizes are large and special software is required for viewing them on personal computers.
Typically, the least noticeable bits of information are removed by complex mathematical algorithms, so that the image is represented with less information. The advantage of the JPEG format is that it facilitates use of compression to reduce file size. Because JPEG files are small in size and extremely portable, they are the preferred format when transferring images over the Web. Consequently, the contrast between structures within the image cannot be adjusted and postprocessing cannot be performed on these images.JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group): The JPEG format is the most popular format and can be read by all computer platforms. One big disadvantage of these file formats, compared to DICOM, is that they contain a user-determined window level and window width that is set at the time of creation of the image. These files therefore require less storage space and demand less resource to transfer over a network or via the Internet.
A major advantage of this format is its ability to save animations. TIFF is preferred where high image quality is desired, for example, when the image contains illustrations and line diagrams.GIF (Graphics Interchange Format): GIF is an old file format that is compatible with older versions of internet browsers and other software. Since TIFF images are saved without compression or with a lossless compression scheme they retain the original image quality and often are large in size. Lesser degrees of compression (lossless compression) retain high image quality, but this is achieved at the cost of a large file size.TIFF (Tagged Image File Format): The TIFF format is versatile and supports the full range of image sizes, resolutions, and color depths. The more the file is compressed (lossy compression), the more the original image information lost such an image will not look good when reproduced.
How can I Convert DICOM Images into Other File Formats?Conversion of DICOM images into other formats is most often performed at a diagnostic workstation or at a Web client of a PACS system. In contrast, lossless formats are better when higher image quality is desired, such as for archiving, teaching, and submission for publication. Its lossless compression enables better image quality, though at the expense of large file sizes.Which of these file types is ideal for radiology practice? Generally speaking, lossy files are ideal for use in computer and Web-based presentations, where the small file size permits rapid image display and facilitates easy image transfer between computers. It has better browser compatibility and supports greater color depth than the GIF format.
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